Aging and Personhood in the Landscape of the Mega-Casino: Retirement at the Tables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/aa.2019.200Keywords:
personhood, active aging, casinos, gambling, older adults, value, USAAbstract
The retirement of the Boomer generation constitutes the largest wave of retirements in US history. This article examines the ways in which mega-casinos as institutions have become new spaces of aging and important sites where the ideals of retirement can be played out. Based on thirty-two months of fieldwork at two of the US’s largest casinos, I argue that these facilities help older adults maintain their personhood by engaging them socially, mentally, and physically through the myriad services and amenities they offer. Dominating narratives informed by Western economic and medical trends call for ‘active aging,’ ‘productive aging,’ or ‘aging gracefully,’ and these related paradigms emphasize social engagement along with physical and cognitive activities as the keys to thriving in old age. The casino environment simultaneously challenges and facilitates these narratives, providing an age-diverse setting in which seniors can exercise, entertain family, acquire gifts, and earn status. Drawing on David Graeber’s (2001) framework for theorizing value, I assert that it is participation in the many activities of the casino, rather than the monetary wins and losses, that has constituted them as valuable places to sustain personhood and achieve the ideals of an ‘active’ or ‘successful’ retirement.
References
American Gaming Association (AGA). 2013, 2017. “State of the States Report.” American Gaming Association, Washington, D.C.
Back, Ki-Joon, Choong-Ki Lee, and Randy Stinchfield. 2011. “Gambling Motivation and Passion: A Comparison Study of Recreational and Pathological Gamblers.” Journal of Gambling Studies 27:355-370.
Buch, Elana. 2013. “Senses of care: Embodying inequality and sustaining personhood in the home care of older adults in Chicago.” American Ethnologist 40(4): 637-650.
Buch, Elana. 2015. “Postponing Passage: Doorways, Distinctions, and the Thresholds of Personhood among Older Chicagoans.” Ethos 43(1):40-58.
Buch, Elana. 2017. “Beyond Independence: Older Chicagoans Living Valued Lives. In Successful Aging as a Contemporary Obsession.” Edited by Sarah Lamb, 85-97. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Cardona, Beatriz. 2012. “Dangers and Dilemmas Surrounding the Consumption of Anti-Ageing Medicine.” In Justice for Older People. Edited by Harry Lesser, 35-45. New York: Rodopi.
Cattelino, Jessica R. 2008. High Stakes: Florida Seminole Gaming and Sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press.
Chapple, Constance, and Stacy Nofziger. 2000. “Bingo!: Hints of Deviance in the Accounts of Sociability and Profit of Bingo Players.” Deviant Behavior 21:489-517.
De Certeau, Michel. 2011. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Estes, Carroll and Associates. 2001. Social Policy & Aging: A Critical Perspective. New York: Sage Publications.
Featherstone, Mike, and Mike Hepworth. 2009. “Images of Aging: Cultural Representations of Later Life.” In The Cultural Context of Aging: Worldwide Perspectives. Edited by Jay Sokolovsky, 134-144. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
Graeber, David. 2001. Toward an anthropological theory of value: The false coin of our own dreams. New York: Springer Press.
Hoey, Brian. 2010. “Place for Personhood: Individual and Local Character in Lifestyle Migration.” City & Society 22(2): 237-261.
Jiménez, Alberto. 2003. “Working out personhood: notes on labor and its anthropology.” Anthropology Today 19(5):14-17.
Katz, Stephen. 2000. “Busy Bodies: Activity, Aging, and the Management of Everyday Life.” Journal of Aging Studies 14(2): 135-152.
Lamb, Sarah, Jessica Robbins-Ruszkowski, and Anna I. Corwin. 2017. “Introduction: Successful Aging as a 21st Century Obsession.” In Successful Aging as a Contemporary Obsession. Edited by Sarah Lamb, 1-27. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Lamb, Sarah. 1997. “The making and unmaking of persons: Notes on aging and gender in North India.” Ethos 25(3): 279-302.
Lane, Carrie M. 2009. “Man enough to let my wife support me: How changing models of career and gender are reshaping the experience of unemployment.” American Ethnologist 36(4): 681-692.
Liechty, Toni, Careen Yarnal, and Deborah Kerstetter. 2012. “ ‘I want to do everything!’: leisure among retirement-age women.” Leisure Studies 31(4):389-408.
Lynch, Caitrin. 2009. “Working Retirement: Age and Value in the United States.” Anthropology News (November): 22-23.
Lynch, Caitrin. 2013. “Membership and Mattering: Agency and Work in a New England Factory.” In Transitions & Transformations: Cultural Perspectives on Aging and the Life Course. Edited by Caitrin Lynch and Jason Danely, 188-205. New York: Berghahn Books.
Mauss, Marcel. 1985. “A category of the human mind: the notion of person; the notion of self.” In The category of the person: Anthropology, philosophy, history. Edited by Michael Carrithers, Steven Collins, and Steven Lukes, 1-25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Myerhoff, Barbara. 1980. Number our Days. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Mikkelson, Henrik Hvenegaard. 2017. “Never too late for pleasure: Aging, neoliberalism, and the politics of potentiality in Denmark.” American Ethnologist 44(4): 646-656.
Moody, Harry. 2009. “From Successful Aging to Conscious Aging.” In The Cultural Context of Aging: Worldwide Perspectives. Edited by Jay Sokolovsky, 67-76. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
Munro, Brenda, with Marlene Cox-Bishop, Wayne McVey, and Gordon Munro. 2003. “Seniors Who Gamble: A Summary Review of the Literature.” Submitted to The Alberta Gaming Research Institute.
Nichols, Mark, B. Grant Stitt, and David Giacopassi. 2002. “Community Assessment of the Effects of Casinos on Quality of Life.” Social Indicators Research 57(3):229-262.
Peace, Sheila. 2013. “Social Interactions in Public Spaces and Places: A Conceptual Overview.” In Environmental Gerontology: Making Meaningful Places in Old Age. Edited by Graham D. Rowles and Miriam Bernard, 25-49. New York: Springer Press.
Portacolone, Elena. 2011. “The myth of independence for older Americans living alone in the Bay Area of San Francisco: a critical reflection.” Ageing and Society 31(5):803-828.
Quinn, Frank L. 2001. “First Do No Harm: What Could be Done by Casinos to Limit Pathological Gambling.” Managerial and Decision Economics 22:133-142.
Rowles, Graham D., and Miriam Bernard. 2013. The Meaning and Significance of Place in Old Age. In Environmental Gerontology: Making Meaningful Places in Old Age. Edited by Graham D. Rowles and Miriam Bernard, 3-24. New York: Springer Press.
Savishinsky, Joel S. 2000. Breaking the Watch: The Meanings of Retirement in America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Shaffer, Howard, M. N. Hall, and J. Vander Bilt. 1999. “Estimating the Prevalence of Disordered Gambling Behavior in the United States and Canada: A Research Synthesis.” American Journal of Public Health 89:1369-76.
Schüll, Natasha Dow. 2012. Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sennett, Richard. 2006. “Adrift in the Third Wave: The Disorienting Life of the New Economy.” New Perspectives Quarterly 23(3): 15-19.
Stafford, Philip B. 2009. Elderburbia: Aging with a Sense of Place in America. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers.
Vesperi, Maria D. 1985. City of Green Benches. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Volberg, Rachel A., Dean R. Gerstein, Eugene M. Christiansen, and John Baldridge. 2001. “Assessing Self-Reported Expenditures on Gambling.” Managerial and Decision Economics 22:77-96.
Vozikaki, Maria, Manolis Linardakis, Katerina Micheli, and Anastas Philalithis. 2017. “Activity Participation and Well-Being Among European Adults Aged 65 years and Older.” Social Indicators Research 131:769–795.
Weiss, Robert S. 2005. The Experience of Retirement. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Zaranek, Rochelle R., and Peter A. Lichtenberg. 2008. “Urban elders and casino gambling: Are they at risk of a gambling problem?” Journal of Aging Studies 22:13-23.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.